Flora; Nyungwe National Park is the only park with an enormous montane forest in East or Central Africa and also considered one of the most ancient forest originating back from the the last Ice Age.
Described as an endowed Centre of floral diversity, Nyubgwe forest consists of more than 200 distinct types of trees, and countless number of flowering plants including the worldly giant lobelia and a host of cheerful orchids.
The flora /plant life in the park varies/changes depending on the altitude or elevation level, for example at an altitude of 2950 m Subalpine – bamboo as well as shrubs vegetation Species exist, while at an elevation of 2500m above sea level, Podocarpus, Phillipia, bamboo, Erica johnstonii are present and at an altitude of 2250m, Podocarpus, Syzygium, Macaranga, Balthacaria, Hagenia vegetation species mainly dominate etc.
Epiphytes species like mosses, orchids as well as ferns and other unique plant species that survive high in trees without help of soil.
These “air plants “which do not require soil are features of misty mountain rainforests. This unique fruit which cannot be found somewhere else in Rwanda comes from a tree species called Carapa grand flora, a tree endemic to Nyungwe forest only.
Monkeys as well as squirrels plus other primate species feed on the big round seeds, whereas chimpanzees, monkeys and human beings feed /eat the young fruits. African mahogany-locally called umuyove” is one of the enormous trees in the forest.
Nyungwe’s varied /changing vegetation offers a broad range of habitats for its various flora species. The forested park boasts of over 1000 unique types of plants only found in the nature endowed Albertine Rift.
Nyungwe National Park is natural habitat to wide-range of medicinal plants and the descriptions of some of these plants can be found in the Handbook of African Medicinal Plants by Maurice M. Iwu. Another book that might be of interest is Medicinal Plants of East Africa by John O. Kokwaro.

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