Salonga National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of Africa’s largest national parks, spanning 36,000 square kilometers in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The park protects a vast equatorial rainforest ecosystem considered practically virgin, home to many endemic endangered species like forest elephant, pygmy chimpanzee, and Congo peacocks.
The park is divided into northern and southern sectors, each with unique biotic communities.
Despite its importance, the park faces threats like elephant poaching, bushmeat hunting, and oil exploration.
Local and indigenous communities, such as the Baaka and Bambuti peoples, live near the park boundaries and have coexisted with the forest for centuries.
Efforts are being made to respect their rights and traditions while promoting conservation and sustainable tourism.
The park’s management authority and the Congolese Institute for Nature Conservation work together to guard the park’s natural resources and preserve its cultural heritage.
As a Heritage place, Salonga supports the conservation of unique fauna like bonobos (dwarf chimpanzees) that demonstrate remarkable biological evolution and life forms , thriving in one of Africa’s most complex and pristine equatorial rain forest ecosystems..
The park’s large size, remote location, and limited accessibility make it a challenging but rewarding travel destination for scientists, conservationists, and adventurous travelers on Congo tours.
Here is a detailed overview of the Congo national park Salonga!
Where Is Parc National De La Salonga Nord Located?
Salonga National Park is Africa’s largest tropical rainforest reserve, located in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Central Africa.
It covers approximately 36,000 km2 and includes the provinces of Mai Ndombe, Equateur, Kasaï, and Sankuru.
Located in the Congo River Central Basin, Salonga is a cornerstone of the region’s ecosystem, safeguarding its rich biodiversity.
What Is the History of Salonga National Park?
Parc National De La Salonga Nord, located in the Congo River Central Basin, has a rich history dating back to 1956 when it was first established as Tshuapa National Park.
The park gained its present boundaries in 1970 through a presidential decree by President Mobutu Sese Seko.
In 1984, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage place, recognizing its protection of a large swath of relatively intact rain forest and its importance as a habitat for many rare species.
The park is unique, with two separate sections, one north and one south of Monkoto, providing habitats for various species, including parrots, elephants, antelope, and monkeys. Visitors can observe these mammals from motorized river boats, and hunting is strictly prohibited.
However, the park faced significant challenges, including poaching and housing construction, leading to its endangered listing in 1999. Fortunately, conservation efforts paid off, and the site was removed from the endangered list in 2021.
Who Manages Salonga National Park?
Salonga faces management challenges due to its vast size, remote location, inadequate staff and funding, and complex administrative structure across four provinces reachable by air or river.
Today, to address these challenges above, Salonga National Park is co-managed by the Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature and the World Wide Fund for Nature since 2015.
The park works closely with local communities, including the Iyaelima and Kitawalistes, to promote conservation and sustainable practices.
This collaborative approach has shown positive results, with bonobo densities found to be highest around Iyaelima village, demonstrating the community’s commitment to protecting the park’s iconic species.
Salonga National Park Geography
Parc National De La Salonga Nord is situated in a vast rain forest area, roughly equidistant from Kinshasa, the capital, and Kisangani.
The park’s remote location means there are no roads, and most areas are only accessible by river using water transport.
Salonga remains partially unexplored due to its remote and inaccessible terrain.
The park is divided into two sectors, featuring diverse landscapes, including swamp-forested plateaux, river terraces, and dry-forest plateaux, each with unique vegetation.
The park’s geography is varied, with marshy riverbanks, deep valleys, and cliffs up to 80m high.
The Salonga River flows northwest, merging with the Busira River, while the Lokoro and Lula rivers provide access to the southern region, home to the Iyaelima people.
Interesting Facts About Salonga National Park One of Congo World Heritage Sites
- Salonga National Park is Africa’s largest tropical rain forest reserve, covering an area of approximately 36,000 km².
- The park is one of the last remaining habitats of the Congo peafowl, a highly endangered species.
- Parc National De La Salonga Nord is home to a significant population of bonobos of dwarf chimpanzees, one of the closest relatives of humans.
- The park is extremely remote, with limited accessibility by air or river, making it one of the most inaccessible national parks in Africa.
- Salonga is home to a diverse range of wildlife, including forest elephants, antelopes, and monkeys.
- This country park was designated a UNESCO World Heritage place in 1984, recognizing its exceptional natural value.
- Salonga National Park is co-managed by the Congolese Institute for Nature Conservation (ICCN) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), ensuring collaborative conservation efforts.
- The park plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate, serving as an important carbon sink.
- Salonga works closely with local villages, including the Iyaelima and Kitawalistes, to promote conservation and sustainable practices.
- The park’s unique ecosystem supports a wide range of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth.
Top Tourist Attractions in Salonga National Park a Complex Equatorial Rainforest Environment
Some of the interesting things to see in Salonga while on Congo safari trips are;
Stunning Salonga National Park Animals
Salonga is renowned for its incredible biodiversity, boasting an array of unique and rare wildlife species. The park is home to:
- Forest and Savanna elephants
- Bongo antelopes
- African slender-snouted crocodiles
- Various pangolin species i.e. Long-tailed pangolin, giant pangolin, tree pangolin
- Otters i.e. The spotted necked otter, Congo clawless otter
- Aquatic genet
- Hippopotamus
- Nile Crocodiles
- Monitor Lizards
- Leopards
- Red River hog
- African golden cat
- Angolan Kusi manse
- Several duiker species eg the blue duiker, sitatunga, yellow backed duiker
- Bushbuck
- Water chevrotain
- African Forest buffalo
- African slender-snouted crocodiles
Beautiful Primate Species
Salonga is home to a diverse primate community, featuring:
- Bonobos (40% of the world’s bonobos population)
- Dryas monkey
- Thollon’s red colobus
- Allen’s swamp monkey
- Golden-bellied mangabey
- Red-tailed monkey
- Potto
- Dwarf bushbaby
- De Brazza’s monkey
Notably the bonobo research and conservation efforts are based in the park’s southern region, with the local Iyaelima community playing a crucial role in protecting this iconic wildlife.
Unique Bird Species in Salonga
With over 223 species documented, Salonga is a birdwatcher’s paradise, featuring iconic species like;
The Congo peacock | The African fish eagle |
Congo peafowl | Congo Peafowl |
Cattle Egret | Black Stork |
Yellow-Billed Stork | African Grey Parrot |
Crowned Eagle | Grey Parrot |
African Dwarf Kingfisher | Black-Bellied Bustard |
Palm-Nut Vulture | Forest Francolin |
Hartlaub’s Duck | Grant’s Parrot |
Salonga Outstanding Fish Fauna
The park is home to 56+ identified fish species including:
Giant Tigerfish | African Tigerfish | Nile Tilapia |
African Knife Fish | Electric Fish | Cichlids |
Characins | Catfish like the Clarias buthupogon and Synodontis nigriventris | Lungfish |
Unique Flora in Salonga
Parc National De La Salonga Nord is home to a diverse and unique array of flora, including:
- Tropical Rainforest Trees
The park’s forests are dominated by towering trees like the Sapelli, the Moabi, and the Wenge which support an astonishing array of plant and animal life.
- Lowland Forest Species
The park’s lowland forests are home to species like the African mahogany, the African walnut, and the Okoume.
- Swamp Forest Species
The park’s swamp forests are characterized by species like the Raphia palm, the Papyrus sedge, and the Water lily.
- Epiphytes
The park’s forests are home to a variety of epiphytes, including orchids, bromeliads, and ferns.
- Medicinal Plants
The park is home to several medicinal plants, including the Prunus Africana (used to treat prostate cancer) and the Cinchona officinalis (used to treat malaria).
- Endemic Plant Species
The park is home to several endemic species, including the Salonga water lily, and the Salonga orchid.
The park’s unique flora acts as diverse natural habitats for a wide range of fauna.
Stunning Lakes, Rivers and Waterfalls in Salonga
Salonga is home to an extensive network of rivers, lakes, and waterfalls, which play a crucial role in supporting the park’s diverse ecosystems.
Here are some of the notable water sources to see when on Congo safaris:
The Congo River
Africa’s 2nd-longest river (4,700 km), flowing through 6 countries, with major tributaries, and supporting diverse aquatic life.
It forms part of Salonga Park’s northern boundary and is connected to the Salonga River, which flows through the park and supports an incredible array of aquatic life.
Salonga River
The park’s namesake river, which flows through the heart of the park connected to the Congo River, supports diverse aquatic life, including fish, crocodiles, and hippos, in the Congo Basin.
Lokoro River
A major tributary of the Salonga River flows through the park’s southern sector.
Lula River
A smaller river that flows through the southern sector of the park.
Busira River
A river that forms part of the park’s northern boundary.
Lake Mai Ndombe
It is located in the DR Congo, within Salonga National Park in the southwestern part. It is a vital habitat for aquatic life and supports the park’s diverse ecosystem.
Lake Tshuapa
A larger lake is situated in the northwestern part of the park.
Waterfalls
The Park features two notable waterfalls: the picturesque Yengeyenge Falls on the Salonga River and the smaller Lokoro Falls on the Lokoro River.
Salonga features other diverse water features, including wetlands, marshes, swamps, and riverine ecosystems that support a wide range of aquatic life, including fish, birds, crocodiles, hippos, and otters.
Local Indigenous Communities
The indigenous Iyaelima people, living in harmony with Salonga National Park’s wildlife, offer a unique glimpse into traditional Congolese culture and rely on the park’s natural resources for their livelihood.
Remember to plan your visit with a reputable Congo tour operator, as the park’s remote location and limited infrastructure require careful planning and expertise when on Congo safaris.
Top Things to Do in Salonga National Park
Some of the fun activities to partake in when visiting Salonga for Congo safari tours are;
- Wildlife Viewing
Trek through the dense rain forest and observe the diverse wildlife species and large mammals , such as bonobos (dwarf chimpanzee), African golden cats, forest and savanna elephants, etc.
- Birdwatching
With over 223+ bird species documented, Salonga is a birdwatcher’s paradise, featuring iconic species like the Congo peacock, Congo pea fowl, and the African fish eagle that can be seen when on a birding safari in the country.
- Hiking And Trekking
Salonga offers opportunities to explore its vast forests and unique landscapes on foot with hiking trails leading to towering trees, cascading waterfalls, and diverse plant and animal species.
- River Cruises
Explore Salonga Park’s waterways by canoe or boat cruise, navigating the Salonga and Lokoro rivers, as well as the Congo River and its tributaries, to discover breathtaking scenery and spot aquatic life, including hippos, crocodiles, and fish eagles among others.
- Cultural Experiences or Visits
Interact with local people, including the indigenous Iyaelima people, to learn about traditional Congolese culture and ways of life.
- Scientific Research
Scientists can conduct studies on the park’s unique biodiversity and ecosystems while on Congo safaris in Salonga.
- Primate Tracking
Track primates like bonobos, gorillas, and chimpanzees in Salonga National Park with expert armed rangers or guides and witness them foraging, feeding, etc.
With habituation programs, guided treks, and special permits, visitors can observe these gentle primates up close.
- Photography
Capture stunning images of Salonga’s diverse wildlife, landscapes, and plant life among other stunning things seen on Congo safaris.
Consult a reputable safari company for the best activities to engage and partake in for a memorable safari experience when on Congo safari holidays.
Guidelines For Visiting Salonga
Some guidelines for visiting Salonga a Congo national park are;
Obtain necessary permits and authorization from the park authorities. |
Plan your trip with a licensed tour operator or guide. |
Follow Park rules and guidelines to ensure your safety. |
Be aware of your surroundings and potential wildlife threats. |
Do not litter or pollute the environment. |
Stay on designated trails to avoid damaging vegetation. |
Do not touch or remove plants or animals. |
Keep a safe distance from wildlife. |
Do not feed or approach wildlife. |
Respect local customs and traditions. |
Do not take photos of local people without permission. |
Learn about the local culture and history. |
Take necessary vaccinations and medications before traveling. |
Bring insect repellent and protective clothing. |
Follow proper hygiene practices to avoid illness. |
Know the emergency procedures in case of an accident or illness. |
Carry a first aid kit and know how to use it. |
Stay in touch with your guide and park authorities in case of an emergency. |
Parc National De La Salonga Nord Costs and Fees
Some estimated costs to incur when visiting Salonga National Park are;
- Pre-trip costs for visiting Salonga include visa fees ($100-$200), travel insurance ($50-$100), vaccinations and medications ($50-$100), and flights to Kinshasa ($500-$1,000).
- Park fees for Salonga include a $50-$100 entry fee, $20-$50 daily guide fee, $10-$20 nightly camping fee, and an optional $50-$100 boat cruise fee.
- Accommodation and food costs in Salonga NP range from $20-$50 per night for lodging, $10-$20 per meal, and $5-$10 per day for drinking water and snacks.
- Salonga Transportation costs include optional charter flights to Monkoto ($200-$500), boat transportation ($50-$100), and vehicle rentals ($50-$100 per day).
- Miscellaneous costs for visiting Salonga National Park include $10-$20 per day for tips and gratuities, $20-$50 per person for souvenirs, and an optional $100-$200 emergency fund.
Best Safari Lodges and Hotels in And Near Salonga NP
Given the park’s remote location, accommodations are limited to cater to adventurous travelers. Available Options include:
- Basic campsites and ranger stations within the park, offering a true wilderness experience.
- Simple guesthouses in nearby towns like Boende and Monkoto, providing more comfort and serving as base points for park trips.
Getting To Salonga for Congo Safaris
Reaching the park requires careful planning, determination, and preparation, and this is how to get there;
- By Air: Fly to Kinshasa’s N’Djili International Airport (FIH) from major European, African, or Middle Eastern airports or take a domestic or chartered flight from Kinshasa or Mbandaka to nearby airstrips such as Ilebo (Matari Airport) or Kikwit (Kikwit Airport).
- By River / Boat: navigate the Congo River and its tributaries and Travel to Monkoto or Tshala by boat or canoe and meet with park authorities and guides upon arrival at Monkoto or Tshala.
- By Road: Overland travel is arduous, requires a 4×4 vehicle, and is not recommended for most travelers.
Traveling to Salonga National Park requires careful planning, necessary visas and vaccinations, reputable guides, and preparation for challenging terrain and unpredictable conditions.
When Is the Best Time to Visit Salonga National Park?
The park can be visited all year round but the best time to visit Salonga National Park is from June to December, when the weather is cooler and there’s more wildlife activity.
This period coincides with the dry season of June to August, making it easier to spot mammals.
Keep in mind that the park experiences an equatorial climate with two dry seasons and two wet seasons, and the weather can be unpredictable during Congo trips.
Threats Posed on Salonga National Park
Salonga Heritage place faces numerous threats to its biodiversity and conservation efforts and the main threats include:
- Ivory and bushmeat poaching, involving military and government personnel.
- Deforestation for slash-and-burn agriculture, affecting 6% of the park’s area.
- Widespread and destructive fishing practices, causing collateral damage to aquatic ecosystems.
- The park’s division into two blocks, with a narrow corridor threatened by clearance and settlement.
- Potential threat from oil exploration, which could lead to pollution, forest clearance, and immigration.
- Risk of disease transmission between humans and wildlife, notably the bonobo.
- Pressure from logging and agricultural activities, leading to habitat loss and fragmentation.
- Artisanal mining for gold, diamonds, and other minerals, causing habitat destruction and pollution.
- Changes in species distribution, behavior, and population dynamics due to climate change.
- Habitat fragmentation and increased access for poachers and loggers due to infrastructure construction.
- Insufficient resources and funding hindering effective conservation efforts.
- Encroachment by local villages seeking land for agriculture, livestock, or other purposes for example the Kitawalistes people are settling in the north eastern area of the northern sector.
- Corruption and inadequate law enforcement undermining conservation efforts.
Addressing these threats requires collaborative efforts from governments, conservation organizations, local villages, and other stakeholders to protect the Park’s unique biodiversity and ecosystem.
Conservation Efforts in Parc National De La Salonga Nord
The Congo National Park Salonga has been co-managed by the Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature (ICCN) and the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) since 2016 aimed to address conservation challenges.
Several initiatives are underway, including community-led conservation (172,807 hectares of community forests established), sustainable livelihoods, Research and monitoring programs, Capacity building and training, and human-wildlife conflict mitigation.
With these efforts, the park ensures that the biodiversity is protected while supporting local communities.
However, long-term conservation requires improved law enforcement, community integration, and increased funding and political support.
What To Wear for Congo Safaris to Salonga?
When packing for your Salonga Congo safari, be sure to include neutral-colored, long-sleeved shirts and pants, as well as a waterproof rain jacket or poncho.
Insulating layers such as fleece, wool, or synthetic materials are also essential. Additionally, pack comfortable hiking boots or shoes, socks, and extra underwear.
Don’t forget a hat and gloves for cooler mornings and evenings, a scarf or bandana, and gardening gloves.
It’s also important to note that you should avoid wearing perfume or cologne to minimize disturbance to the gorillas.
Furthermore, be sure to bring a rain jacket/poncho or umbrella to prepare for unpredictable weather conditions when on Salonga Congo safaris.
What To Pack for Salonga National Park Safaris in Congo?
To ensure a comfortable and enjoyable safari experience, consider bringing several essential items.
These include valid travel documents such as a passport, a DR Congo visa, a Salonga Park activity checklist, and a Salonga National Park Map.
Photography enthusiasts may also want to pack binoculars, a camera with a telephoto lens, a tripod, extra batteries, memory cards, and a lens cleaning cloth.
Additionally, don’t forget to bring personal and safety items like a water bottle, snacks, sunscreen, insect repellent cream, a first-aid kit, a headlamp, and a whistle.
Optional items to consider packing include a walking stick, backpack, waterproof bags, and camping gear if you plan to stay overnight.
Remember to carry some local currency, Congolese francs, for tips, incidentals, and shopping.
Before packing, consult your Congo safari operator for guidance on what to bring and avoid extra charges for unwanted gear.
Salonga National Park FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Can You Visit Salonga National Park?
Yes, visiting Salonga National Park is possible, but it requires careful planning due to its remote location.
The park is only accessible by river using water transport, and visitors must be accompanied by authorized guides and tour operators.
What Animals Are in The Salonga National Park?
Salonga is home to an incredible array of wildlife, including bonobos, forest elephants, Congo peacocks, leopards, hippopotamuses, and African golden cats.
The park is also a birdwatcher’s paradise, with over 300 species of birds recorded.
Why Is Salonga National Park A World Heritage Site?
Salonga National Park was designated a UNESCO Heritage place in 1984 due to its unique and diverse ecosystem, which includes tropical rain forests, marshlands, and grassy glades.
How Much Does It Cost to Go to Parc National De La Salonga Nord?
Visiting Salonga National Park incurs costs ranging from $1,500 to $6,000 per person, covering pre-trip expenses, park fees, accommodation, food, and transportation.
How Big Is the Salonga National Park?
Salonga covers an impressive area of 36,000 square kilometers, making it the largest tropical rainforest reserve in Africa.
What Are the Facts About Parc National De La Salonga Nord?
- Salonga is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites found in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
- Established in 1970, the park covers 8,687 sq km and features a diverse ecosystem with tropical rain forests, marshlands, and grassy glades.
- It’s home to various wildlife populations, including bonobos, elephants, and hippos.
- The park is co-managed by ICCN and WWF but faces threats like poaching, deforestation, and mining.
Add Salonga National Park to your next Congo safari holiday bucket list and get front-row seats to unique displays of natural wonders found in the park.
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